Oracle DB connection

Oracle's password file

If the DBA wants to start up an Oracle instance there must be a way for Oracle to authenticate this DBA. That is if (s)he is allowed to do so. Obviously, his password can not be stored in the database, because Oracle can not access the database before the instance is started up. Therefore, the authentication of the DBA must happen outside of the database. There are two distinct mechanisms to authenticate the DBA: using the password file or through the operating system. The init parameter remote_login_passwordfile specifies if a password file is used to authenticate the DBA or not. If it set either to shared or exclusive a password file will be used.

The initialization parameters can be set in the init.ora file.

Default location and file name
The default location for the password file is:
$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw$ORACLE_SID on Unix and
%ORACLE_HOME%\database\PWD%ORACLE_SID%.ora on Windows.

SAP CO 月結與差異分攤

SAP Controlling month end and variance allocation

1. Cost Center month end

1.1 Collect indirect expense
Collect indirect expense

1.2 Collect manufacturing expense
Collect manufacturing expense

1.3 Actual Price calculation
Actual LAB FOH VOH rate calculation

1.4 Overhead per production order calculation (Indirect expense allocation)
Indirect expense allocation (Std)

1.5 Revaluation at Actual Price : Production Order (Manufacturing expense allocation)
Manufacturing expense allocation

2. Production Order Settlement

2.1 Calculate Work in Process (WIP)
Calculate WIP
Movement type relevant to Production Order

2.2 Variance Calculation (Quantity variance)
Quantity variance
Month end production orders settlement

2.3 Actual settlement (Allocate variance and Create accounting document)
Accountant use CO88 to perform actual settlement. Variance was allocated and accounting documents were created by SAP.

3. Material Ledger Update

3.1 Price variance calculation and allocation
Price Variance

3.2 Manual allocate remained expenses to COGS
Accountant check all 4* and 5* accounts and post a journal entry manually to allocate all remained expenses to COGS.

4. Actual cost walkthrough test
ROH actual cost walkthrough
WIP actual cost walkthrough

5. Material records price control check
Material records price control