Oracle's password file
If the DBA wants to start up an Oracle instance there must be a way for Oracle to authenticate this DBA. That is if (s)he is allowed to do so. Obviously, his password can not be stored in the database, because Oracle can not access the database before the instance is started up. Therefore, the authentication of the DBA must happen outside of the database. There are two distinct mechanisms to authenticate the DBA: using the password file or through the operating system. The init parameter remote_login_passwordfile specifies if a password file is used to authenticate the DBA or not. If it set either to shared or exclusive a password file will be used.
The initialization parameters can be set in the init.ora file.
Default location and file name
The default location for the password file is:
$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw$ORACLE_SID on Unix and
%ORACLE_HOME%\database\PWD%ORACLE_SID%.ora on Windows.
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